pyproject RPM macros

====================

These macros allow projects that follow the Python [packaging specifications]

to be packaged as RPMs.

They are still *provisional*: we can make non-backwards-compatible changes to

the API.

Please subscribe to Fedora's [python-devel list] if you use the macros.

They work for:

* traditional Setuptools-based projects that use the `setup.py` file,

* newer Setuptools-based projects that have a `setup.cfg` file,

* general Python projects that use the [PEP 517] `pyproject.toml` file (which allows using any build system, such as setuptools, flit or poetry).

These macros replace `%py3_build` and `%py3_install`, which only work with `setup.py`.

[packaging specifications]: https://packaging.python.org/specifications/

[python-devel list]: https://lists.fedoraproject.org/archives/list/python-devel@lists.fedoraproject.org/

Usage

-----

To use these macros, first BuildRequire them:

    BuildRequires: pyproject-rpm-macros

Also BuildRequire the devel package for the Python you are building against.

In Fedora, that's `python3-devel`.

(In the future, we plan to make `python3-devel` itself require

`pyproject-rpm-macros`.)

Next, you need to generate more build dependencies (of your projects and

the macros themselves) by running `%pyproject_buildrequires` in the

`%generate_buildrequires` section:

    %generate_buildrequires

    %pyproject_buildrequires

This will add build dependencies according to [PEP 517] and [PEP 518].

To also add run-time and test-time dependencies, see the section below.

If you need more dependencies, such as non-Python libraries, BuildRequire

them manually.

Note that `%generate_buildrequires` may produce error messages `(exit 11)` in

the build log. This is expected behavior of BuildRequires generators; see

[the Fedora change] for details.

[the Fedora change]: https://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Changes/DynamicBuildRequires

Then, build a wheel in `%build` with `%pyproject_wheel`:

    %build

    %pyproject_wheel

And install the wheel in `%install` with `%pyproject_install`:

    %install

    %pyproject_install

`%pyproject_install` installs all wheels in `$PWD/pyproject-wheeldir/`.

Adding run-time and test-time dependencies

------------------------------------------

To run tests in the `%check` section, the package's runtime dependencies

often need to also be included as build requirements.

This can be done using the `-r` flag:

    %generate_buildrequires

    %pyproject_buildrequires -r

For this to work, the project's build system must support the

[`prepare-metadata-for-build-wheel` hook](https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0517/#prepare-metadata-for-build-wheel).

The popular buildsystems (setuptools, flit, poetry) do support it.

For projects that specify test requirements using an [`extra`

provide](https://packaging.python.org/specifications/core-metadata/#provides-extra-multiple-use),

these can be added using the `-x` flag.

Multiple extras can be supplied as a comma separated list.

For example, if upstream suggests installing test dependencies with

`pip install mypackage[testing]`, the test deps would be generated by:

    %generate_buildrequires

    %pyproject_buildrequires -x testing

For projects that specify test requirements in their [tox] configuration,

these can be added using the `-t` flag (default tox environment)

or the `-e` flag followed by the tox environment.

The default tox environment (such as `py37` assuming the Fedora's Python version is 3.7)

is available in the `%{toxenv}` macro.

For example, if upstream suggests running the tests on Python 3.7 with `tox -e py37`,

the test deps would be generated by:

    %generate_buildrequires

    %pyproject_buildrequires -t

If upstream uses a custom derived environment, such as `py37-unit`, use:

    %pyproject_buildrequires -e %{toxenv}-unit

Or specify more environments if needed:

    %pyproject_buildrequires -e %{toxenv}-unit,%{toxenv}-integration

The `-e` option redefines `%{toxenv}` for further reuse.

Use `%{default_toxenv}` to get the default value.

The `-t`/`-e` option uses [tox-current-env]'s `--print-deps-to-file` behind the scenes.

Note that both `-x` and `-t` imply `-r`,

because runtime dependencies are always required for testing.

[tox]: https://tox.readthedocs.io/

[tox-current-env]: https://github.com/fedora-python/tox-current-env/

Running tox based tests

-----------------------

In case you want to run the tests as specified in [tox] configuration,

you must use `%pyproject_buildrequires` with `-t` or `-e` as explained above.

Then, use the `%tox` macro in `%check`:

    %check

    %tox

The macro:

 - Always prepends `$PATH` with `%{buildroot}%{_bindir}`

 - If not defined, sets `$PYTHONPATH` to `%{buildroot}%{python3_sitearch}:%{buildroot}%{python3_sitelib}`

 - If not defined, sets `$TOX_TESTENV_PASSENV` to `*`

 - Runs `tox` with `-q` (quiet), `--recreate` and `--current-env` (from [tox-current-env]) flags

 - Implicitly uses the tox environment name stored in `%{toxenv}` - as overridden by `%pyproject_buildrequires -t`

By using the `-e` flag, you can use a different tox environment(s):

    %check

    %tox

    %if %{with integration_test}

    %tox -e %{default_toxenv}-integration

    %endif

If you wish to provide custom `tox` flags or arguments, add them after `--`:

    %tox -- --flag-for-tox

If you wish to pass custom `posargs` to tox, use another `--`:

    %tox -- --flag-for-tox -- --flag-for-posargs

Or (note the two sequential `--`s):

    %tox -- -- --flag-for-posargs

Generating the %files section

-----------------------------

To generate the list of files in the `%files` section, you can use `%pyproject_save_files` after the `%pyproject_install` macro.

It takes toplevel module names (i.e. the names used with `import` in Python) and stores paths for those modules and metadata for the package (dist-info directory) to a file stored at `%{pyproject_files}`.

For example, if a package provides the modules `requests` and `_requests`, write:

    %install

    %pyproject_install

    %pyproject_save_files requests _requests

To add listed files to the `%files` section, use `%files -f %{pyproject_files}`.

Note that you still need to add any documentation and license manually (for now).

    %files -n python3-requests -f %{pyproject_files}

    %doc README.rst

    %license LICENSE

You can use globs in the module names if listing them explicitly would be too tedious:

    %install

    %pyproject_install

    %pyproject_save_files '*requests'

In fully automated environments, you can use the `*` glob to include all modules (put it in single quotes to prevent Shell from expanding it). In Fedora however, you should always use a more specific glob to avoid accidentally packaging unwanted files (for example, a top level module named `test`).

Speaking about automated environments, some files cannot be classified with `%pyproject_save_files`, but it is possible to list all unclassified files by adding a special `+auto` argument.

    %install

    %pyproject_install

    %pyproject_save_files '*' +auto

    %files -n python3-requests -f %{pyproject_files}

However, in Fedora packages, always list executables explicitly to avoid unintended collisions with other packages or accidental missing executables:

    %install

    %pyproject_install

    %pyproject_save_files requests _requests

    %files -n python3-requests -f %{pyproject_files}

    %doc README.rst

    %license LICENSE

    %{_bindir}/downloader

Limitations

-----------

`%pyproject_install` changes shebang lines of every Python script in `%{buildroot}%{_bindir}` to `#!%{__python3} %{py3_shbang_opt}` (`#!/usr/bin/python3 -s`).

Existing Python flags in shebangs are preserved.

For example `#!/usr/bin/python3 -Ru` will be updated to `#!/usr/bin/python3 -sRu`.

Sometimes, this can interfere with tests that run such scripts directly by name,

because in tests we usually rely on `PYTHONPATH` (and `-s` ignores that).

Would this behavior be undesired for any reason,

undefine `%{py3_shbang_opt}` to turn it off.

Some valid Python version specifiers are not supported.

[PEP 517]: https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0517/

[PEP 518]: https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0518/

Testing the macros

------------------

This repository has two kinds of tests.

First, there is RPM `%check` section, run when building the `python-rpm-macros`

package.

Then there are CI tests.

There is currently [no way to run Fedora CI tests locally][ci-rfe],

but you can do what the tests do manually using mock.

For each `$PKG.spec` in `tests/`:

  - clean your mock environment:

        mock -r fedora-rawhide-x86_64 clean

  - install the version of `python-rpm-macros` you're testing, e.g.:

        mock -r fedora-rawhide-x86_64 install .../python-rpm-macros-*.noarch.rpm

  - download the sources:

        spectool -g -R $PKG.spec

  - build a SRPM:

        rpmbuild -bs $PKG.spec

  - build in mock, using the path from the command above as `$SRPM`:

        mock -r fedora-rawhide-x86_64 -n -N $SRPM

[ci-rfe]: https://pagure.io/fedora-ci/general/issue/4