diff -up src/sage/cpython/debugimpl.c.orig src/sage/cpython/debugimpl.c
--- src/sage/cpython/debugimpl.c.orig	2022-05-15 16:11:11.000000000 -0600
+++ src/sage/cpython/debugimpl.c	2022-06-01 10:53:46.037463665 -0600
@@ -148,6 +148,7 @@ static void _type_debug(PyTypeObject* tp
     printf("  tp_basicsize: %ld\n", (long)tp->tp_basicsize);
     printf("  tp_itemsize: %ld\n", (long)tp->tp_itemsize);
     printf("  tp_dictoffset: %ld\n", (long)tp->tp_dictoffset);
+    printf("  tp_vectorcall_offset: %ld\n", (long)tp->tp_vectorcall_offset);
     if HAVE_WEAKREFS(tp)
     {
         printf("  tp_weaklistoffset: %ld\n", (long)tp->tp_weaklistoffset);
@@ -178,7 +179,6 @@ static void _type_debug(PyTypeObject* tp
     attr_pointer(tp_free);
 
     attr_pointer_meth(tp_repr, "__repr__");
-    attr_pointer(tp_print);
     attr_pointer_meth(tp_hash, "__hash__");
     attr_pointer_meth(tp_call, "__call__");
     attr_pointer_meth(tp_str, "__str__");
diff -up src/sage/cpython/debug.pyx.orig src/sage/cpython/debug.pyx
--- src/sage/cpython/debug.pyx.orig	2022-05-15 16:11:11.000000000 -0600
+++ src/sage/cpython/debug.pyx	2022-06-01 10:53:46.037463665 -0600
@@ -231,6 +231,7 @@ def type_debug(cls):
           tp_basicsize: 16
           tp_itemsize: 0
           tp_dictoffset: 0
+          tp_vectorcall_offset: 0
           tp_weaklistoffset: 0
           tp_base (__base__): NULL
           tp_bases (__bases__): tuple:
@@ -258,7 +259,6 @@ def type_debug(cls):
           tp_dealloc (__dealloc__): 0x7fc57d757010
           tp_free: PyObject_Del
           tp_repr (__repr__): 0x7fc57d75b990
-          tp_print: NULL
           tp_hash (__hash__): _Py_HashPointer
           tp_call (__call__): NULL
           tp_str (__str__): 0x7fc57d757020
diff -up src/sage/geometry/triangulation/point_configuration.py.orig src/sage/geometry/triangulation/point_configuration.py
--- src/sage/geometry/triangulation/point_configuration.py.orig	2022-05-15 16:11:11.000000000 -0600
+++ src/sage/geometry/triangulation/point_configuration.py	2022-06-01 10:53:46.038463669 -0600
@@ -618,11 +618,11 @@ class PointConfiguration(UniqueRepresent
             ['{{0,1,2,4},{1,2,3,4}}']
         """
         timeout = 600
-        proc = pexpect.spawn(executable, timeout=timeout)
+        proc = pexpect.spawn(executable, timeout=timeout, encoding='utf-8')
         proc.expect(r'Evaluating Commandline Options \.\.\.')
         proc.expect(r'\.\.\. done\.')
         proc.setecho(0)
-        assert proc.readline().strip() == b''
+        assert proc.readline().strip() == ''
 
         if verbose:
             print("#### TOPCOM input ####")
diff -up src/sage/interfaces/frobby.py.orig src/sage/interfaces/frobby.py
--- src/sage/interfaces/frobby.py.orig	2022-05-15 16:11:11.000000000 -0600
+++ src/sage/interfaces/frobby.py	2022-06-01 10:53:46.038463669 -0600
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ class Frobby:
             print("Frobby command: ", repr(command))
             print("Frobby input:\n", input)
 
-        process = Popen(command, stdin = PIPE, stdout = PIPE, stderr = PIPE)
+        process = Popen(command, stdin = PIPE, stdout = PIPE, stderr = PIPE, encoding='utf-8')
         if input:
             frinput = str_to_bytes(input)
         else:
diff -up src/sage/interfaces/gfan.py.orig src/sage/interfaces/gfan.py
--- src/sage/interfaces/gfan.py.orig	2022-05-15 16:11:11.000000000 -0600
+++ src/sage/interfaces/gfan.py	2022-06-01 10:56:40.784198738 -0600
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ class Gfan(object):
             print("gfan input:\n%s" % input)
 
         gfan_processes = Popen(cmd, stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE, stderr=PIPE,
-                               encoding='latin-1')
+                               encoding='utf-8')
         ans, err = gfan_processes.communicate(input=input)
 
         # sometimes, gfan outputs stuff to stderr even though everything is fine
diff -up src/sage/interfaces/latte.py.orig src/sage/interfaces/latte.py
--- src/sage/interfaces/latte.py.orig	2022-05-15 16:11:11.000000000 -0600
+++ src/sage/interfaces/latte.py	2022-06-01 10:53:46.039463674 -0600
@@ -159,6 +159,7 @@ def count(arg, ehrhart_polynomial=False,
     latte_proc = Popen(args,
                        stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE,
                        stderr=(None if verbose else PIPE),
+                       encoding='utf-8',
                        cwd=str(SAGE_TMP))
 
     ans, err = latte_proc.communicate(arg)
@@ -379,6 +380,7 @@ def integrate(arg, polynomial=None, algo
     latte_proc = Popen(args,
                        stdin=PIPE, stdout=PIPE,
                        stderr=(None if verbose else PIPE),
+                       encoding='utf-8',
                        cwd=str(SAGE_TMP))
 
     ans, err = latte_proc.communicate(arg)
diff -up src/sage/interfaces/sagespawn.pyx.orig src/sage/interfaces/sagespawn.pyx
--- src/sage/interfaces/sagespawn.pyx.orig	2022-05-15 16:11:11.000000000 -0600
+++ src/sage/interfaces/sagespawn.pyx	2022-06-01 10:53:46.039463674 -0600
@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 """
 Sage wrapper around pexpect's ``spawn`` class and
-the ptyprocess's ``PtyProcess`` class.
+the ptyprocess's ``PtyProcessUnicode`` class.
 
 AUTHOR:
 
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ AUTHOR:
 #*****************************************************************************
 
 from pexpect import *
-from ptyprocess import PtyProcess
+from ptyprocess import PtyProcessUnicode
 
 from cpython.ref cimport Py_INCREF
 from libc.signal cimport *
@@ -30,7 +30,6 @@ from posix.unistd cimport getpid, getpgi
 
 from time import sleep
 
-from sage.cpython.string cimport str_to_bytes
 from sage.interfaces.process cimport ContainChildren
 
 
@@ -173,7 +172,7 @@ class SageSpawn(spawn):
         return ret
 
 
-class SagePtyProcess(PtyProcess):
+class SagePtyProcess(PtyProcessUnicode):
     def close(self, force=None):
         """
         Quit the child process: send the quit string, close the
@@ -194,11 +193,7 @@ class SagePtyProcess(PtyProcess):
             if self.quit_string is not None:
                 try:
                     # This can fail if the process already exited
-                    # PtyProcess.write takes bytes; ideally we would use
-                    # an encoding picked specifically for the target process
-                    # but the default (UTF-8) will do now, since I don't
-                    # think we have any non-ASCII quit_strings anyways.
-                    self.write(str_to_bytes(self.quit_string))
+                    self.write(self.quit_string)
                 except (OSError, IOError):
                     pass
             self.fileobj.close()
diff -up src/sage/libs/coxeter3/coxeter.pyx.orig src/sage/libs/coxeter3/coxeter.pyx
--- src/sage/libs/coxeter3/coxeter.pyx.orig	2022-05-15 16:11:11.000000000 -0600
+++ src/sage/libs/coxeter3/coxeter.pyx	2022-06-01 10:53:46.039463674 -0600
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@ cdef class String:
         EXAMPLES::
 
             sage: from sage.libs.coxeter3.coxeter import String       # optional - coxeter3
-            sage: s = String("hello"); s                              # optional - coxeter3
+            sage: s = String(b"hello"); s                             # optional - coxeter3
             hello
             sage: del s                                               # optional - coxeter3
         """
@@ -48,11 +48,11 @@ cdef class String:
         EXAMPLES::
 
             sage: from sage.libs.coxeter3.coxeter import String       # optional - coxeter3
-            sage: s = String('Hi')                                    # optional - coxeter3
+            sage: s = String(b'Hi')                                   # optional - coxeter3
             sage: s                                                   # optional - coxeter3
             Hi
         """
-        return bytes_to_str(self.x.ptr())
+        return self.x.ptr().decode('utf-8')
 
     def __hash__(self):
         """
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ cdef class String:
         EXAMPLES::
 
             sage: from sage.libs.coxeter3.coxeter import String        # optional - coxeter3
-            sage: s = String('hello')                                  # optional - coxeter3
+            sage: s = String(b'hello')                                 # optional - coxeter3
             sage: hash(s) == hash('hello')                             # optional - coxeter3
             True
         """
@@ -75,9 +75,9 @@ cdef class String:
         EXAMPLES::
 
             sage: from sage.libs.coxeter3.coxeter import String        # optional - coxeter3
-            sage: ta1 = String('A')                                    # optional - coxeter3
-            sage: ta2 = String('A')                                    # optional - coxeter3
-            sage: tb = String('b')                                     # optional - coxeter3
+            sage: ta1 = String(b'A')                                   # optional - coxeter3
+            sage: ta2 = String(b'A')                                   # optional - coxeter3
+            sage: tb = String(b'b')                                    # optional - coxeter3
             sage: ta1 == ta2                                           # optional - coxeter3
             True
             sage: tb != ta1                                            # optional - coxeter3
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ cdef class String:
         EXAMPLES::
 
             sage: from sage.libs.coxeter3.coxeter import String       # optional - coxeter3
-            sage: s = String('Hi')                                    # optional - coxeter3
+            sage: s = String(b'Hi')                                   # optional - coxeter3
             sage: len(s)                                              # optional - coxeter3
             2
         """
@@ -124,7 +124,7 @@ cdef class String:
         EXAMPLES::
 
             sage: from sage.libs.coxeter3.coxeter import String       # optional - coxeter3
-            sage: s = String('Hi')                                    # optional - coxeter3
+            sage: s = String(b'Hi')                                   # optional - coxeter3
             sage: TestSuite(s).run()                                  # optional - coxeter3
         """
         return (String, (repr(self),) )
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ cdef class Type:
         EXAMPLES::
 
             sage: from sage.libs.coxeter3.coxeter import Type         # optional - coxeter3
-            sage: t = Type('A'); t                                    # optional - coxeter3
+            sage: t = Type(b'A'); t                                   # optional - coxeter3
             A
             sage: del t                                               # optional - coxeter3
         """
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ cdef class Type:
         EXAMPLES::
 
             sage: from sage.libs.coxeter3.coxeter import Type         # optional - coxeter3
-            sage: t = Type('A'); t                                    # optional - coxeter3
+            sage: t = Type(b'A'); t                                   # optional - coxeter3
             A
         """
         return bytes_to_str(self.x.name().ptr())
@@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ cdef class Type:
         EXAMPLES::
 
             sage: from sage.libs.coxeter3.coxeter import Type         # optional - coxeter3
-            sage: t = Type('A')                                       # optional - coxeter3
+            sage: t = Type(b'A')                                      # optional - coxeter3
             sage: t.name()                                            # optional - coxeter3
             A
         """
@@ -175,8 +175,8 @@ cdef class Type:
         EXAMPLES::
 
             sage: from sage.libs.coxeter3.coxeter import Type          # optional - coxeter3
-            sage: a = Type('A')                                        # optional - coxeter3
-            sage: b = Type('B')                                        # optional - coxeter3
+            sage: a = Type(b'A')                                       # optional - coxeter3
+            sage: b = Type(b'B')                                       # optional - coxeter3
             sage: hash(a) == hash(b)                                   # optional - coxeter3
             False
             sage: d = {a: 1, b: 2}                                     # optional - coxeter3
@@ -188,9 +188,9 @@ cdef class Type:
         EXAMPLES::
 
             sage: from sage.libs.coxeter3.coxeter import Type          # optional - coxeter3
-            sage: ta1 = Type('A')                                      # optional - coxeter3
-            sage: ta2 = Type('A')                                      # optional - coxeter3
-            sage: tb = Type('b')                                       # optional - coxeter3
+            sage: ta1 = Type(b'A')                                     # optional - coxeter3
+            sage: ta2 = Type(b'A')                                     # optional - coxeter3
+            sage: tb = Type(b'b')                                      # optional - coxeter3
             sage: ta1 == ta2                                           # optional - coxeter3
             True
             sage: tb != ta1                                            # optional - coxeter3
@@ -224,7 +224,7 @@ cdef class Type:
         EXAMPLES::
 
             sage: from sage.libs.coxeter3.coxeter import Type           # optional - coxeter3
-            sage: t = Type('A')                                         # optional - coxeter3
+            sage: t = Type(b'A')                                        # optional - coxeter3
             sage: TestSuite(t).run()                                    # optional - coxeter3
         """
         return (Type, (repr(self), ))
@@ -268,7 +268,7 @@ cdef class CoxGroup(SageObject):
                 pass
             type = type.lower()
 
-        type = 'B' if type == 'C' else type
+        type = b'B' if type == 'C' else type.encode('utf-8')
 
         if rank == 0:
             raise NotImplementedError("Coxeter group of type ['A',0] using Coxeter 3 not yet implemented")
diff -up src/sage/misc/sageinspect.py.orig src/sage/misc/sageinspect.py
--- src/sage/misc/sageinspect.py.orig	2022-06-01 10:29:22.938310306 -0600
+++ src/sage/misc/sageinspect.py	2022-06-01 10:53:46.040463678 -0600
@@ -505,12 +505,9 @@ class SageArgSpecVisitor(ast.NodeVisitor
         """
         return node.id
 
-    def visit_NameConstant(self, node):
-        """
-        Visit a Python AST :class:`ast.NameConstant` node.
-
-        This is an optimization added in Python 3.4 for the special cases
-        of True, False, and None.
+    def visit_Constant(self, node):
+        r"""
+        Visit a Python AST :class:`ast.Constant` node.
 
         INPUT:
 
@@ -524,7 +521,7 @@ class SageArgSpecVisitor(ast.NodeVisitor
 
             sage: import ast, sage.misc.sageinspect as sms
             sage: visitor = sms.SageArgSpecVisitor()
-            sage: vis = lambda x: visitor.visit_NameConstant(ast.parse(x).body[0].value)
+            sage: vis = lambda x: visitor.visit_Constant(ast.parse(x).body[0].value)
             sage: [vis(n) for n in ['True', 'False', 'None']]
             [True, False, None]
             sage: [type(vis(n)) for n in ['True', 'False', 'None']]
diff -up src/sage/plot/plot3d/plot3d.py.orig src/sage/plot/plot3d/plot3d.py
--- src/sage/plot/plot3d/plot3d.py.orig	2022-05-15 16:11:11.000000000 -0600
+++ src/sage/plot/plot3d/plot3d.py	2022-06-01 10:53:46.040463678 -0600
@@ -219,6 +219,7 @@ from .shapes import arrow3d
 from .base import Graphics3dGroup
 from sage.plot.colors import rainbow
 from .texture import Texture
+import inspect
 
 from sage.functions.trig import cos, sin
 from sage.misc.sageinspect import sage_getargspec, is_function_or_cython_function
@@ -255,7 +256,7 @@ class _Coordinates(object):
             sage: arb((x+z,y*z,z), z, (x,y))
             Arbitrary Coordinates coordinate transform (z in terms of x, y)
         """
-        all_vars = sage_getargspec(self.transform).args[1:]
+        all_vars = inspect.getfullargspec(self.transform)[0][1:]
         if set(all_vars) != set(indep_vars + [dep_var]):
             raise ValueError('variables were specified incorrectly for this coordinate system; incorrect variables were %s'%list(set(all_vars).symmetric_difference(set(indep_vars+[dep_var]))))
         self.dep_var = dep_var
diff -up src/sage/rings/integer.pyx.orig src/sage/rings/integer.pyx
--- src/sage/rings/integer.pyx.orig	2022-05-15 16:11:11.000000000 -0600
+++ src/sage/rings/integer.pyx	2022-06-01 10:53:46.041463682 -0600
@@ -7069,7 +7069,7 @@ cdef int mpz_set_str_python(mpz_ptr z, c
         x += 1  # Strip spaces
 
     # Disallow a sign here
-    if x[0] == '-' or x[0] == '+':
+    if x[0] == c'-' or x[0] == c'+':
         x = ""  # Force an error below
 
     assert base >= 2
diff -up src/sage/rings/polynomial/pbori/pbori.pyx.orig src/sage/rings/polynomial/pbori/pbori.pyx
--- src/sage/rings/polynomial/pbori/pbori.pyx.orig	2022-05-15 16:11:11.000000000 -0600
+++ src/sage/rings/polynomial/pbori/pbori.pyx	2022-06-01 10:53:46.042463686 -0600
@@ -4730,8 +4730,7 @@ cdef class PolynomialConstruct:
             # So, it is just a conversion. [Simon King]
             return (<BooleanPolynomialRing>ring)._element_constructor_(x)
 
-        raise TypeError("Cannot generate Boolean polynomial from %s , %s" %
-                        (type(x), type(ring)))
+        raise TypeError(f"Cannot generate Boolean polynomial from {type(x)}, {type(ring)}")
 
 
 cdef class MonomialConstruct:
diff -up src/sage/rings/real_mpfi.pyx.orig src/sage/rings/real_mpfi.pyx
--- src/sage/rings/real_mpfi.pyx.orig	2022-06-01 10:29:27.588329956 -0600
+++ src/sage/rings/real_mpfi.pyx	2022-06-01 10:53:46.043463690 -0600
@@ -1943,12 +1943,12 @@ cdef class RealIntervalFieldElement(Ring
 
         cdef long digits
         digits = strlen(lower_s)
-        if lower_s[0] == '-':
+        if lower_s[0] == c'-':
             digits -= 1
         lower_expo -= digits
 
         digits = strlen(upper_s)
-        if upper_s[0] == '-':
+        if upper_s[0] == c'-':
             digits -= 1
         upper_expo -= digits
 
@@ -2117,7 +2117,7 @@ cdef class RealIntervalFieldElement(Ring
             raise MemoryError("Unable to allocate memory for the mantissa of an interval")
         mpz_get_str(tmp_cstr, base, lower_mpz)
         digits = strlen(tmp_cstr)
-        if tmp_cstr[0] == '-':
+        if tmp_cstr[0] == c'-':
             digits -= 1
             mant_string = bytes_to_str(tmp_cstr+1)
             sign_string = bytes_to_str(b'-')
diff -up src/sage/rings/real_mpfr.pyx.orig src/sage/rings/real_mpfr.pyx
--- src/sage/rings/real_mpfr.pyx.orig	2022-05-15 16:11:11.000000000 -0600
+++ src/sage/rings/real_mpfr.pyx	2022-06-01 10:53:46.043463690 -0600
@@ -2092,7 +2092,7 @@ cdef class RealNumber(sage.structure.ele
         if s is NULL:
             raise RuntimeError("unable to convert an mpfr number to a string")
         # t contains just digits (no sign, decimal point or exponent)
-        if s[0] == '-':
+        if s[0] == c'-':
             sgn = "-"
             t = char_to_str(s + 1)
         else:
diff -up src/sage/structure/sage_object.pyx.orig src/sage/structure/sage_object.pyx
--- src/sage/structure/sage_object.pyx.orig	2022-05-15 16:11:11.000000000 -0600
+++ src/sage/structure/sage_object.pyx	2022-06-01 10:53:46.044463695 -0600
@@ -691,7 +691,7 @@ cdef class SageObject:
             try:
                 s = self._interface_init_(I)
             except Exception:
-                raise NotImplementedError("coercion of object %s to %s not implemented:\n%s\n%s" % (repr(self), I))
+                raise NotImplementedError(f"coercion of object {repr(self)} to {I} not implemented")
         X = I(s)
         if c:
             try:
diff -up src/sage/symbolic/expression.pyx.orig src/sage/symbolic/expression.pyx
--- src/sage/symbolic/expression.pyx.orig	2022-06-01 10:29:28.934335645 -0600
+++ src/sage/symbolic/expression.pyx	2022-06-01 10:53:46.045463699 -0600
@@ -14072,7 +14072,7 @@ cdef class hold_class:
             sage: SR(2)^5
             32
         """
-        g_set_state('hold', True)
+        g_set_state(b'hold', True)
 
     def __exit__(self, *args):
         """
@@ -14085,7 +14085,7 @@ cdef class hold_class:
             sage: SR(2)^5
             32
         """
-        g_set_state('hold', False)
+        g_set_state(b'hold', False)
 
     def start(self):
         """